Popcorn Lung: Causes, Risk Factors, and Symptoms

Bronchiolitis obliterans or obliterative bronchiolitis, often called popcorn lung, is a serious but rare condition. Its name may not sound threatening to you, but the condition can cause irreversible damage to your lungs. Although not directly related to popcorn consumption, it is related to certain chemicals, particularly diacetyl, a flavoring agent found in certain foods such as microwave popcorn. Vaping or using e-cigarettes may also be a risk factor. In this condition, scarring can occur in the airways of the lungs, which poses a risk for various serious diseases.

What Causes Popcorn Lungs?

Bronchiolitis obliterans, commonly known as popcorn lung, is not contagious, meaning it cannot be spread from one person to another. It is mainly caused by exposure to a chemical called diacetyl, which is found in butter-flavored products such as microwave popcorn.

“Prolonged inhalation of diacetyl causes inflammation and scarring of the small airways of the lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath. It damages lung tissues, impairing normal function. Workers in industries that use diacetyl, such as popcorn factories, are at risk of developing this condition,” says pulmonologist Dr Sangita. Checker said.

Although diacetyl is not used in popcorn production to protect worker health, it is in use in many other fields. Although popcorn has been linked to lung disease, diacetyl is added to the liquid used in some flavored e-cigarettes. Vaping involves heating a liquid and inhaling the aerosol into the lungs. In fact, researchers at Harvard found that 39 out of 51 e-cigarette brands contained diacetyl.

Another prevalent factor is acetaldehyde, in the smoke of marijuana and some electronic cigarettes, which can damage the lining of the mouth, throat and stomach. Additionally, many other chemicals such as chlorine, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, fumes from welding, formaldehyde, phosgene, mustard gas, etc. also contribute to popcorn lung when inhaled.

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Who is at risk of developing popcorn lung?

Some health conditions that may increase the risk of popcorn lung include:

• Respiratory diseases such as pneumonia or bronchitis.
• Viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
• Collagen vascular diseases.
• Drug reactions.
• Swelling and scarring from a lung transplant.
• Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Popcorn lung symptoms

Bronchiolitis obliterans causes the smallest airways in your lungs (called bronchioles) to become irreversibly inflamed and scarred. It causes several symptoms, including:

• Persistent cough: A chronic cough that does not improve with simple treatments is a sign of bronchiolitis obliterans.
• Shortness of breath: Regular shortness of breath, especially during physical activity, can indicate lung problems.
• Snoring: Unexplained wheezing or whistling sounds while breathing may be a symptom of airway narrowing.
• Fatigue: Extreme fatigue or feeling weak, even with adequate rest, may be associated with compromised lung function.
• Chest discomfort: Some people experience chest pain or discomfort because the lungs are affected.

Also Read: Will Your Lungs Heal After You Quit Smoking?

How does vaping popcorn increase lung risk?

The American Lung Association lists popcorn lung as a serious risk of flavored e-cigarettes. Although several studies have demonstrated the negative effects of e-cigarettes, a 2015 study in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives revealed that various flavored e-cigarettes contain the same lung-damaging chemicals as popcorn, especially those with fruity and candy flavors. Young smokers. This can cause serious damage to your lungs.

How to treat popcorn lung?

Popcorn cannot cure lung cancer. Treatment is available to slow its progression and alleviate symptoms.

• If the condition is associated with occupational exposure, it is important to avoid harmful substances.
• Your doctor may prescribe bronchodilators and corticosteroids to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation.
• In advanced cases, administration of supplemental oxygen can ease breathing difficulties.
• Quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve overall lung health.
• In severe cases, when conservative measures fail, a lung transplant may be considered.

Because popcorn can cause long-term damage, early detection and prompt intervention are essential in managing the condition.